American Journal of Medical and Natural Sciences

MOLECULAR DOCKING & IN SILICO ADME STUDIES OF PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS ADHATHODA VASICA AGAINST SUPERFAMILY SUBGROUP OF TREHALOSE -6- PHOSPHATE PHOSPHATASE.

2026-04-03T03:58:58+0530

Trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (TPP) enzymes are used by many pathogenic microorganisms in their process of infection and proliferation to biosynthesise the sugar trehalose from trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P). As a result, the current work uses in silico techniques to build novel candidate medications that block TPP. Adhathoda Vasica commonly known as Vasaka or Malabar nut. It belongs to the Acanthaceae family and has been used in traditional Ayurvedic and Unani medicine for centuries are a promising source of phytochemicals, particularly vasicine and vasicinone, quinazoline alkaloids, including vasicinolone, vasicol, and adhatodine. These compounds are known for their bronchodilatory and expectorant properties. Swiss ADME software was accessed in a web server that displays the Submission page of Swiss ADME in Google was used to estimate individual ADME behaviors of the compounds from the plant. Advanced ADME studies were performed for confirmation of vasicine, adhatodine and Epitaraxenol compounds to be orally bioavailable or not. The present work is an approach to design new generation candidate drugs to inhibit TPP through in silico methods on pulmonary activity using 1YMQ. Docking studies of 3D model of TPP with many phytochemicals revealed most of them have good binding affinity to an enzyme with adothodine exhibiting highest affinity with Docking score -7.4 having more responsible for inhibiting infection on pulmonary activity compared to the compound Vasicine with the docking score: -6.5, and epitaraxerol with the docking score: -7.0. Hence the current research proves that the phytochemical compound of Adhatoda vasica act as promising lead as Trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase

CLINICAL METAGENOMICS IN MICROBIOLOGY DIAGNOSTICS: ANALYTICAL CHALLENGES, QUALITY ASSURANCE, AND EMERGING FUTURE-READY APPROACHES

2026-04-04T04:06:16+0530

Metagenomic sequencing has quickly developed into a revolutionary method in clinical microbiology by making it possible to identify and characterise pathogens directly from clinical specimens without the need for culture. In contrast to focused PCR tests, which need previous information of suspected species, metagenomics facilitates the wide identification of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites and can offer insights into strain-level epidemiology and antibiotic resistance determinants. However, obstacles such low microbial biomass, host DNA dominance, contamination, variable extraction efficiency, bioinformatics complexity, interpretative ambiguity, and expense continue to limit routine application in diagnostic laboratories.The modern metagenomic workflows—sample preparation, nucleic acid extraction, library building, sequencing techniques, and computational pipelines—are summarised in this study, which also emphasises the crucial quality assurance and control procedures needed for accurate reporting. Meningitis/encephalitis, respiratory infections, sepsis, bloodstream infections, and outbreak investigations are among the clinical applications we cover. We also assess translation obstacles including standardisation, regulatory frameworks, reference databases, and result interpretation.

REAL-WORLD EFFICACY OF DOLUTEGRAVIR: A REVIEW OF VIROLOGICAL SUPPRESSION AND CD4+ RECOVERY TRENDS

2026-04-03T03:59:04+0530

Background: Since its recommendation by the World Health Organization as a preferred first-line agent, Dolutegravir (DTG) has transformed HIV management due to its high genetic barrier to resistance and superior tolerability. While clinical trials have established its efficacy, there is a critical need for real-world validation of its impact on primary clinical markers during the early stages of treatment. This review evaluates the effectiveness of DTG-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) on virological outcomes and immunological recovery within the first six months of initiation. Methods: A comprehensive review of prospective and retrospective clinical data was conducted, focusing on HIV-1 infected adults (\ge18 years) initiating DTG-based regimens. The primary endpoints assessed were the rate of virological suppression (defined as HIV-1 RNA <50 or <200 copies/mL) and the mean change in CD4+ T-cell count from baseline to month 6. Secondary considerations included treatment adherence and early safety signals such as weight gain. Results: DTG regimens show rapid efficacy, with most patients achieving viral suppression within 24 weeks. This is accompanied by significant immune restoratio

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Michael A. Martin, Alexandra Blenkinsop et al., (2025) Patterns of HIV-1 viral load suppression and drug resistance during the dolutegravir transition: a population-based longitudinal study doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.09.01.25334862
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Srujana K, Vyshnavi P, Jessy R, Venkatesh P. Study of the utilization of antimicrobial agents in surgical devices at a tertiary care hospital, Nellore. UPI Journal of Pharmaceutical, Medical and Health Sciences. 2022 Jun 28:44-50.
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Gunturu LN, Pamayyagari K, Dornadula GR. A Case Report on Herpes Zoster Eruption Associated with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. International Journal of Therapeutic Applications, Volume 37, 2020.
Kintu K, Malaba TR, Nakibuka J, Papamichael C, Colbers A, Byrne K, Seden K, Hodel EM, Chen T, Twimukye A, Byamugisha J, Reynolds H, Watson V, Burger D, Wang D, Waitt C, Taegtmeyer M, Orrell C, Lamorde M, Myer L, Khoo S; DolPHIN-2 Study Group. Dolutegravir versus efavirenz in women starting HIV therapy in late pregnancy (DolPHIN-2): an open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet HIV. 2020 May;7(5):e332-e339. doi: 10.1016/S2352-3018(20)30050-3. PMID: 32386721; PMCID: PMC10877544.
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Calza L, Colangeli V, Giglia M, Rigamonti C, Bon I, Cretella S, Viale P. Efficacy and Safety of Dolutegravir/Lamivudine in Antiretroviral Therapy-Naive People Living With HIV-1 and With High-Level Viremia. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2025 May 1;99(1):93-97. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000003600. PMID: 39806529; PMCID: PMC11970585.
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Ron Raquel , MartÃnez-Sanz Javier , Herrera Sabina , Ramos-Ruperto Luis , DÃez-Vidal Alejandro , Sainz TalÃa et al., (2024) CD4/CD8 ratio and CD8+ T-cell count as prognostic markers for non-AIDS mortality in people living with HIV. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Immunology Volume 15 – 2024 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1343124. DOI=10.3389/fimmu.2024.1343124. ISSN=1664-3224
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n, typically seeing CD4+ increases of 100–150 cells/mm³. While highly effective, clinicians must monitor for early metabolic changes, such as weight gain. Conclusion: The first six months of DTG-based ART are characterized by superior viral clearance and robust immune recovery, supporting its use as a potent first-line treatment.

REVIEW ON LOSARTAN INDUCED HYPONATREMIA

2026-04-04T04:06:24+0530

Hyponatremia is a frequently encountered electrolyte imbalance associated with significant morbidity and mortality. While diuretics, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and anticonvulsants are well-recognized causes, angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), particularly losartan, have also been implicated in rare cases. This review explores the potential mechanisms, clinical evidence, risk factors, diagnostic considerations, and management strategies related to losartan-induced hyponatremia. Awareness of this uncommon yet clinically significant adverse effect is essential for early recognition and prevention of complications.

Formulation and Evaluation of Montelukast Sodium Fast Dissolving Tablets

2026-03-23T22:54:08+0530

Montelukast sodium is an anti-asthmatic drug mainly prevents leukotriene mediated effect associated with asthma. Mouth dissolving tablets of montelukast sodium was prepared by direct compression method using super disintegrants such as cross carmellose sodium, crosspovidone and sodium starch glycolate. Mouth dissolving tablets (MDTs) disintegrates or dissolves rapidly without water within few seconds in the mouth due to the action of superdisintegrants or maximizing pore structure in the formulation. The tablets were prepared using various diluents like MCC, Lactose and superdisintegrants namely Crosscarmellose sodium, Crosspovidone and Sodium starch glycollate in different concentrations. Pre-compression parameters such as angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, compressibility index, Hausner’s ratio were carried out to study the flow properties of powder to achieve uniformity of tablet weight and the values were within permissible limits. Theprepared tablets were evaluated for hardness, thickness, weight variation, friability, % drug content, wetting time, water absorption ratio, in vitro disintegration time, in vitro dispersion time and in vitro drug release. Theformulation F5 was found to be the best on the basis of wetting time, in vitro disintegration time and in vitro drug release. Stability studies were carried out at 250C ± 20C / 60% ± 5% RH and 400C ± 20C / 75% ± 5% RH for a period of 60 days for the selected formulations. The formulation F5 containing Crospovidone (8%) as super disintegrant and microcrystalline cellulose and lactose as diluents was respectively found to be the optimized combination.

RECENT ADVANCES WHILE PREDICTIONS WITHIN THE PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES WITH REGARD TO BENZIMIDAZOLES

2026-03-27T10:06:49+0530

A ring consisting of benzine in addition to an imidazole are fused to generate the heterocyclic molecule benzimidazole, which has two molecules of nitrogen.
O-phenylenediamine can be condensed with carbonyl-based substances (also referred to aldehyde and ketones) or with aromatic acids and their derivatives to create benzimidazoles and its analogues. Another method for creating benzimidazole’s is to rearrange other heterocyclic in shape substances like triazole-derived substances and quinoxaline analogues. This analysis focusses regarding a benzimidazoles medicine called along with its related compounds, the most significant methods employed for their diligence, and finally on the biological functions of the exacerbate in everyday situations. In the past few years, medicinal products have been manufactured through ecological techniques like microwaveable appliances and ultrasound procedures, the use of recyclable catalysts, approximately and reactions involving photosynthesis. These substitutes have drawn the attention of investigators and researchers due to their wonderful healthcare the effectiveness disregarding multiple medical conditions. The compounds derived from benzimidazole demonstrate several pharmaceutical effects, including cancer prevention. anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, anticoagulant medication, and antiviral in nature.

PREDICTORS OF MEDICATION ADHERENCE AMONG CARDIOVASCULAR PATIENTS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL: A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY REVIEW

2026-04-03T03:58:52+0530

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Medication adherence plays a crucial role in achieving optimal therapeutic outcomes in cardiovascular patients.

Objective: To review current evidence regarding predictors of medication adherence among cardiovascular patients in tertiary care settings.

Methods: A comprehensive review of recent literature focusing on prospective observational studies, systematic reviews, and cross-sectional studies evaluating predictors of medication adherence in CVD populations.

Results: Medication adherence is influenced by socio-demographic, disease-related, therapy-related, psychological, behavioral, and healthcare system factors. Tools such as MARS, and pharmacy refill records are widely used to assess adherence. Polypharmacy, depression, low health literacy, and poor patient-provider communication were consistently associated with poor adherence.

Conclusion: Identifying predictors of medication adherence enables targeted interventions, improves clinical outcomes, and reduces healthcare burden in cardiovascular patients.